Ventricular septal defects account for up to 40% of all congenital cardiac malformations. The
diagnosis encompasses a broad range of anomalies, including isolated defects and those …

A review of cardiovascular clinical and research applications of MRI phase-contrast velocity
imaging, also known as velocity mapping or flow imaging. Phase-contrast basic principles …

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) creates images from atomic nuclei with uneven
spin using radiowaves in the presence of a magnetic field. Full details of the physical …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading single cause of morbidity and mortality,
causing over 17. 9 million deaths worldwide per year with associated costs of over $800 …

Real‐time magnetic resonance imaging (RT‐MRI) allows for imaging dynamic processes as
they occur, without relying on any repetition or synchronization. This is made possible by …

The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is skyrocketing worldwide, and is closely associated
with serious morbidity and mortality. In particular, HF is one of the main causes for the …

Purpose: To further validate the quantitative use of flow‐sensitive four‐dimensional velocity
encoded cine magnetic resonance imaging (4D VEC MRI) for simultaneously acquired …

Velocity‐encoded phase‐contrast MRI of cardiovascular blood flow commonly relies on
electrocardiogram‐synchronized cine acquisitions of multiple heartbeats to quantitatively …

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the reference standard for the assessment of
ventricular dimensions, function, and mass in terms of accuracy and reproducibility. It has …

Background—The role, interplay, and relative importance of the multifactorial hemodynamic
and myocardial mechanisms causing dysfunction of the Fontan circulation remain …