Transposable elements (TEs) are genomic parasites that selfishly replicate at the expense of
host fitness. Fifty years of evolutionary studies of TEs have concentrated on the deleterious …

Background Epigenetics has rapidly evolved in the past decade to form an exciting new
branch of biology. In modern terms,'epigenetics' studies molecular pathways regulating how …

RNA interference (RNAi) is a phylogenetically widespread gene-silencing process triggered
by double-stranded RNA. In plants and Caenorhabditis elegans, two distinct populations of …

Transposable elements (TEs) contribute to genome size, organization and evolution. In
plants, their activity is primarily controlled by transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), usually …

RNA silencing with inverted repeat (IR) constructs has been used to suppress gene
expression in various organisms. However, the transitive RNA-silencing effect described in …

Microarray transcript profiling and RNA interference are two new technologies crucial for
large-scale gene function studies in multicellular eukaryotes. Both rely on sequence-specific …

We used a transgene system to study spreading of RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM)
during transcriptional gene silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana. Forward and reverse genetics …

Higher eukaryotes have developed a mechanism of sequence‐specific RNA degradation
which is known as RNA silencing. In plants and some animals, similar to the nematode …

In addition to the degradation of homologous RNAs through the RNA interference (RNAi)
pathway, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can in some systems induce cytosine methylation …

Because of the limited lysine content in corn grain, synthetic lysine supplements are added
to corn meal‐based rations for animal feed. The development of biotechnology, combined …