Parkinson's disease (PD) is clinically, pathologically, and genetically heterogeneous,
resisting distillation to a single, cohesive disorder. Instead, each affected individual develops …

The GBA gene encodes for the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which
maintains glycosphingolipid homeostasis. Approximately 5–15% of PD patients have …

GRN mutations cause frontotemporal dementia (GRN-FTD) due to deficiency in progranulin
(PGRN), a lysosomal and secreted protein with unclear function. Here, we found that Grn …

BACKGROUND Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a product of membrane sphingolipid
metabolism, is secreted and acts through G protein–coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs) in …

Bioactive sphingolipids—ceramide, sphingosine, and their respective 1-phosphates (C1P
and S1P)—are signaling molecules serving as intracellular second messengers. Moreover …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and the
fastest growing neurologic disease in the world, yet no disease-modifying therapy is …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, the main
pathological hallmark of which is the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and the formation …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive
loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway, formation of Lewy bodies, and …

Heterozygous mutations in GBA, the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme
glucosylceramidase beta/β-glucocerebrosidase, comprise the most common genetic risk …

It has been 200 years since Parkinson disease (PD) was described by Dr. Parkinson in
1817. The disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized …