Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) treatments have shifted from small-molecular
therapeutics to the oncoming biologics. The first-line biologics against the moderate-to …

METHODS The electronic literature (January 1966 to May 2006) on CD-associated fibrosis
was reviewed. Further references were obtained by cross-referencing from key articles …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Whereas the importance of microRNA (miRNA) for the
development of several tissues is well established, its role in the intestine is unknown. We …

Intestinal fibrosis is a major complication of Crohn disease (CD), but the precise mechanism
by which it occurs is incompletely understood. As a result, specific therapies to halt or even …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF β superfamily of secreted
cysteine knot proteins that includes TGF β1, nodal, activins and inhibins. BMPs were first …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease, are
intestinal disorders characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation. A large proportion of …

Epithelial cells form protective barriers that physically separate an organism from the outside
world. Rather than being merely static, impregnable shields, epithelia are highly dynamic …

Background A key feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is impaired epithelial repair.
Human growth factors comprise an array of signaling molecules that lead to ligand-specific …

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a potent cytokine with pleiotropic effects,
including anti-inflammatory activity. Here we show that the signaling protein Smad6 bound …

Background Airway remodelling is thought to be under the control of a complex group of
molecules belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-superfamily. The Bone …