The spleen, an important tissue for the immune system, acts as a filter for blood within the
immune system. Accumulating evidence suggests that the spleen affects a number of brain …

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) exert anti-inflammatory effects
relevant to the chronic complications of type 2 diabetes. Although GLP-1RAs attenuate T cell …

Immunocompromised individuals are at high risk of developing severe fungal infections with
high mortality rates, while fungal pathogens pose little risk to most healthy people. Poor …

Plastic pollution has become a major concern on a global scale. The plastic is broken down
into minuscule particles, which have an impact on the biosystems, however long-term …

Background Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease. Porphyromonas
gingivalis is a primary periopathogen in the initiation and development of periodontal …

Conclusions: CD11b+ CD43 hi Ly6C lo splenic monocytes migrate into the liver and shift to
macrophages, which account for the exacerbation of liver fibrosis. These findings reveal …

Recent evidence has suggested that the carotid bodies might act as immunological sensors,
detecting pro-inflammatory mediators and signalling to the central nervous system, which, in …

This short review focusses on the inflammatory reflex, which acts in negative feedback
manner to moderate the inflammatory consequences of systemic microbial challenge. The …

Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is the intracellular precursor for both adenosine
monophosphate and guanosine monophosphate and thus plays a central role in …

Background Lipid emulsions are a key component of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and are
administered to patients who are unable to ingest their daily required calories orally. Lipid …