The pharmaceutical industry has been desperately searching for efficient drug discovery
methods. Organ-on-a-Chip, a cutting-edge technology that can emulate the physiological …

Fibrosis is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, which can lead to organ
dysfunction, morbidity, and death. The disease burden caused by fibrosis is substantial, and …

We review the emergence of the new field of organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) engineering, from the
parent fields of tissue engineering and microfluidics. We place into perspective the tools and …

The air-blood barrier with its complex architecture and dynamic environment is difficult to
mimic in vitro. Lung-on-a-chips enable mimicking the breathing movements using a thin …

Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease with the presence of progressive wound healing
response caused by liver injury. Currently, there are no approved therapies for liver fibrosis …

In 1971, Gabbiani and co-workers discovered and characterized the “modification of
fibroblasts into cells which are capable of an active spasm”(contraction) in rat wound …

Current techniques for visualizing and quantifying cellular forces have limitations in live cell
imaging, throughput, and multi-scale analysis, which impede progress in cell force research …

Highlights•Transition from conventional 2D models to 3D and advanced lung-on-a-chip
models.•Recent advances in lung-on-a-chip platforms and their implementation.•Numerous …

Bottom‐up tissue engineering is a promising approach for designing modular biomimetic
structures that aim to recapitulate the intricate hierarchy and biofunctionality of native human …

Although fibrosis is a final pathological feature of many chronic diseases, few interventions
are available that specifically target the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Natural products are …