Cellular actions of thyroid hormone may be initiated within the cell nucleus, at the plasma
membrane, in cytoplasm, and at the mitochondrion. Thyroid hormone nuclear receptors …

Uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 is an integral membrane protein that is located in the
mitochondrial inner membrane of brown adipocytes. Its physiological role is to mediate a …

The dose-dependent toxicity to cardiomyocytes has been well recognized as a central
characteristic of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC), however, the pathogenesis …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) includes etiologically heterogenous disorders characterized by
senile or presenile dementia, extracellular amyloid protein aggregations containing an …

Mitochondrial respiration results in an electrochemical proton gradient, or protonmotive force
(pmf), across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The pmf is a form of potential energy …

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as coronary
artery disease and heart failure. Studies have shown that the heart failure risk is increased in …

During cardiac reperfusion after myocardial infarction, the heart is subjected to cascading
cycles of ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Patients presenting with this injury succumb to …

Heart tissue is remarkably sensitive to oxygen deprivation. Although heart cells, like those of
most tissues, rapidly adapt to anoxic conditions, relatively short periods of ischaemia and …

Cardiovascular disease is common in patients with diabetes and is a significant contributor
to the high mortality rates associated with diabetes. Heart failure is common in diabetic …

An ever-increasing number of studies highlight the role of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in a
broad range of physiological and pathological processes. The knowledge of the molecular …