This critical review presents the key factors that control the occurrence of natural elements
from the uranium-and thorium-decay series, also known as naturally occurring radioactive …

Hydraulic fracturing of unconventional oil/gas shales has changed the energy landscape of
the US Recovery of hydrocarbons from tight, hydraulically fractured shales is a highly …

There is considerable debate about the sustainability of the hydraulic fracturing (HF) water
cycle in North America. Recently, this debate has expanded to China, where HF activities …

This study examined water quality, naturally-occurring radioactive materials (NORM), major
ions, trace metals, and well flow data for water used and produced from start-up to operation …

The use of hydraulic fracturing techniques to extract oil and gas from low permeability shale
reservoirs has increased significantly in recent years. During hydraulic fracturing, large …

The potential contamination of shallow groundwater with inorganic constituents is a major
environmental concern associated with shale gas extraction through hydraulic fracturing …

This research aimed to study the leaching characteristics of arsenic from the Zn–Pb mine
tailings under different conditions. The parameters and factors controlling the arsenic …

Hydraulic fracturing applied to organic-rich shales has significantly increased the
recoverable volume of methane available for US energy consumption. Fluid-shale reactions …

Oil-based drilling cuttings (OBDC) are hazardous wastes produced during the extensive use
of oil-based drilling mud in oil and gas exploration and development. They have strong …

Public awareness of the potential environmental risks of shale gas extraction has increased
in recent years. However, the status and environmental risks of potentially toxic metals …