Model-based System Engineering (MBSE) of the Internet of Things (IoT) literature is broad,
and analysis of this literature enables the identification of themes and potential future study …

The requirements engineering of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems is extremely
challenging due to large system sizes, component heterogeneity, involvement of multi …

Formal methods encompass a wide choice of techniques and tools for the specification,
development, analysis, and verification of software and hardware systems. Formal methods …

Train‐centric virtual coupling is one of the promising techniques available to increase the
capacity of the railway, and is much more complex than the existing train control systems …

The hybrid architecture analysis and design language (AADL) has been proposed to model
the interactions between embedded control systems and continuous physical environment …

AADL is widely used to depict the architecture and behavior of real-time safety-critical
systems such as avionics and aerospace. The development of these systems has strict …

The Chinese Train Control System level 3 (CTCS-3) is an open and real-time safety-critical
system. Due to the non-deterministic delay behavior in the environment, there is a large …

Safety-critical cyber-physical systems require evidence they are indeed safe. In practice,
such evidence is results of system tests. Unfortunately, tests can only demonstrate the …

AADL (architecture analysis and design language) concentrates on the modeling and
analysis of application system architectures. It is quite popular for its simple syntax, powerful …

The efficient design of safety-critical embedded systems involves, at least, the three
modelling aspects common to all cyber-physical systems (CPSs): functionalities, physics …