Plants secrete extrafloral nectar (EFN) as an induced defense against herbivores. EFN
contains not only carbohydrates and amino acids but also pathogenesis-related proteins …

Ant–plant symbioses involve plants that provide hollow structures specialized for housing
ants and often food to ants. In return, the inhabiting ants protect plants against herbivores …

The PIN family of proteins is best known for its involvement in polar auxin transport and
tropic responses. PIN 6 (At1g77110) is one of the remaining PIN family members in A …

Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) mediating ecologically important ant–plant protection
mutualisms are especially common and unusually diverse in the Leguminosae. We present …

Ant–plant mutualisms are useful models for investigating how plant traits mediate
interspecific interactions. As plant‐derived resources are essential components of ant diets …

In the B razilian savanna many plant species bear regular associations with patrolling ants
that are aggressive towards insect herbivores. However, not only ants but also several …

Plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are common in the Brazilian cerrado savanna,
where climatic conditions having marked seasonality influence arboreal ant fauna …

Ant guards protect plants from herbivores, but can also hinder pollination by damaging
reproductive structures and/or repelling pollinators. Natural selection should favour the …

Plant–ant interactions are generally considered as mutualisms, with both parties gaining
benefits from the association. It has recently emerged that some of these mutualistic …

Few studies have explored the phenotypic plasticity of nectar production on plant
attractiveness to ants. Here, we investigate the role of extrafloral nectary (EFN) size on the …