Both asthma and COPD are heterogeneous diseases identified by characteristic symptoms
and functional abnormalities, with airway obstruction common in both diseases. Asthma …

Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) is a heterogeneous condition that describes patients who
show persistent airflow limitation with clinical features that support both asthma and COPD …

Occupational asthma (OA) represents one of the major public health problems due to its
high prevalence, important social and economic burden. The aim of this review is to …

Work-related asthma is highly prevalent and represents a significant societal and financial
burden worldwide. This State of the Art series article explores the epidemiology, clinical …

Introduction: In the years following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York
(USA), otherwise known as 9/11, first responders and recovery workers began experiencing …

Health status depends on multiple genetic and non-genetic factors. Nonheritable factors
(such as lifestyle and environmental factors) have stronger impact on immune responses …

After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 (9/11), many rescue/recovery workers
developed respiratory symptoms and pulmonary diseases due to their extensive World …

Over 400,000 people are estimated to have been exposed to World Trade Center particulate
matter (WTC PM) since the attack on the Twin Towers in Lower Manhattan on September 11 …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Smoking remains the most important risk factor, but occupational exposures may …

Exposure to dust, smoke, and fumes containing volatile chemicals and particulate matter
(PM) from the World Trade Center (WTC) towers' collapse impacted thousands of citizens …