Hepatic fibrogenesis is a pathophysiological outcome of chronic liver injury hallmarked by
excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Fibrosis is a dynamic process that …

T-cell exhaustion is a phenomenon of dysfunction or physical elimination of antigen-specific
T cells reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and …

Inflammation is one of the most characteristic features of chronic liver disease of viral,
alcoholic, fatty, and autoimmune origin. Inflammation is typically present in all disease …

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a recently described IL-10 family cytokine that is produced by T
helper (Th) 17 cells, γδ T cells, NKT cells, and newly described innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) …

Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are responsible
for most cases of viral hepatitis. Infection by each type of virus results in a different typical …

Liver fibrosis occurs in response to any etiology of chronic liver injury including hepatitis B
and C, alcohol consumption, fatty liver disease, cholestasis, and autoimmune hepatitis …

Tumor-associated immune response plays a critical role in cancer pathogenesis. This study
evaluated clinical implications of T cell cytokines and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in HCC …

The liver is a central immunological organ. Liver resident macrophages, Kupffer cells (KC),
but also sinusoidal endothelial cells, dendritic cells (DC) and other immune cells are …

Chronic liver injury with any etiology can progress to fibrosis and the end-stage diseases
cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The progression of liver disease is controlled by a …

Inflammatory immune cells can modulate activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and
progression of liver fibrosis. Type 3 inflammation characterized by production of interleukin …