This study investigates the effect of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities
and their disclosure on firm value. We find that ESG strengths increase firm value and that …

Non-generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)(pro forma) earnings form an
increasingly important part of firms' performance reporting narrative. This paper reviews the …

The number of firms reporting earnings on a non‐GAAP basis has increased dramatically
over the last decade, and non‐GAAP reporting is now commonplace in capital markets. This …

The article reviews the recent academic research literature on earnings management (EM)
with a view to identifying research themes and results of interest to users and preparers of …

The practice of reporting manager‐adjusted 'pro forma'earnings numbers in quarterly
earnings press releases has attracted considerable attention in recent years in the United …

We examine the association between board independence and the characteristics of non-
GAAP earnings. Our results suggest that companies with less independent boards are more …

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to synthesize insights from existing research on the
disclosure of non-generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) earnings, from an …

We use newly available GAAP forecasts to document that traditionally-identified GAAP
forecast errors contain 37% measurement error. Correcting for this measurement error, we …

We study the market's reaction to the disclosure of non‐GAAP earnings measures that are
combined with high impression management. We construct an impression management …

Prior research finds that clients of high-quality auditors report higher-quality GAAP earnings.
We extend this research to investigate whether auditor quality is associated with the quality …