Heavily cratered surfaces on the Moon, Mars, and Mercury show that the terrestrial planets
were battered by an intense bombardment during their first billion years or more, but the …

We review the origin and evolution of the atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars from the
time when their accreting bodies were released from the protoplanetary disk a few million …

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the outermost of the rocky, terrestrial planets that
make up the inner solar system. Of this planetary family, Mars is only larger than Mercury …

Early Mars climate research has well-defined goals (MEPAG 2018). Achieving these goals
requires geologists and climate modelers to coordinate. Coordination is easier if results are …

Abstract The Interior exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy, and Heat Transport
(InSight) Mission will focus on Mars' interior structure and evolution. The basic structure of …

The absence of crustal magnetic fields above the martian basins Hellas, Argyre, and Isidis is
often interpreted as proof of an early, before 4.1 billion years (Ga) ago, or late, after 3.9 Ga …

Two of the primary goals of the MAVEN mission are to determine how the rate of escape of
Martian atmospheric gas to space at the current epoch depends upon solar influences and …

What allows a planet to be both within a potentially habitable zone and sustain habitability
over long geologic time? With the advent of exoplanetary astronomy and the ongoing …

The 4.1-billion-year-old meteorite Allan Hills 84001 (ALH 84001) may preserve a magnetic
record of the extinct martian dynamo. However, previous paleomagnetic studies have …

Understanding the longevity of Mars's dynamo is key to interpreting the planet's atmospheric
loss history and the properties of its deep interior. Satellite data showing magnetic lows …