Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health concern in developed countries
because of both the number of people affected and the high cost of care when prevention …

This is an opportune time to publish the first KDIGO 2020 Clinical Practice Guideline for
Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Worldwide, the estimated number …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a global disease burden related to high rates of incidence
and mortality, manifests as progressive and irretrievable nephron loss and decreased …

The KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney
Disease (CKD) follows only 2 years after the original KDIGO 2020 Clinical Practice …

Abstract Aims/Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been a leading cause of chronic
kidney disease (CKD), with a heterogeneous distribution worldwide. Optimal healthcare …

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is closely associated with cardiovascular
disease. We aimed to examine the association of Life's Essential 8 (LE8), the recently …

Introduction We aimed to integrate all available epidemiological evidence to characterise an
exposure–response model of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) and the risk of chronic …

Research indicates smoking increases the risk of various kidney diseases, although the risk
of developing kidney stone disease in non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke is …

Smoking is the most important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
however evidence from large-scale studies on whether secondhand smoke (SHS) increases …

Nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine are widely used as markers of tobacco smoke
abstinence as well as indicators of active smoking levels and the assessment of passive …