Conventional cigarette smoke harms nearly every organ of the body and is the leading
cause of death in the United States and in the world. Decades of research have associated …

Objectives A systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between
active maternal smoking and cleft lip and palate etiology. Data sources Medline, Embase …

Background The objective of this prospective, multidisciplinary and multicenter study was to
explore the effect of a cleft lip, associated or not with a cleft palate, on parents, on parent …

Since electronic cigarette (ECIG) introduction to American markets in 2007, vaping has
surged in popularity. Many, including women of reproductive age, also believe that ECIG …

A large body of evidence shows the harmful effects of cigarette smoke to oral and systemic
health. More recently, a link between smoking and susceptibility to coronavirus disease …

Los agentes teratógenos constituyen un problema social, pues no todos los pacientes que
nacen con alguna malformación congénita logran bienestar absoluto, pues arrastran …

Smoking cigarettes during pregnancy is associated with adverse effects on infants including
low birth weight, defective lung development, and skeletal abnormalities. Pregnant women …

As one of the most common structural birth defects, orofacial clefts (OFCs) have been
studied for decades, and recent studies have demonstrated that there are genetic …

Background Orofacial clefts are the most common craniofacial anomalies that include a
variety of conditions affecting the lips and oral cavity. They remain a significant global public …

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an autosomal-dominantly inherited cancer
syndrome associated with a high risk for diffuse gastric and lobular breast cancer, caused by …