The successful introduction of reptiles into a captive collection depends on providing optimal
husbandry and veterinary attention. An important role of the veterinarian in this process is …

Tortoise mycoplasmosis is one of the most extensively characterized infectious diseases of
chelonians. A 1989 outbreak of upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) in free-ranging …

The numbers of potentially pathogenic microorganisms that have been isolated from
stranded cetaceans in the last three decades underscore the urgent need for methods of …

The genus Spiroplasma (helical mollicutes: Bacteria: Firmicutes: Mollicutes:
Entomoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae) is associated primarily with insects. The …

Upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) has been observed in a number of tortoise species,
including the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) and the gopher tortoise (Gopherus …

Twenty-four ill or dead desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) were received between March
1992 and July 1995 for necropsies from the Mojave and Colorado deserts of California …

Mycoplasmas are distinguished phenotypically from other bacteria by their minute size and
total lack of a cell wall. Taxonomically, the lack of cell walls is used to separate …

Acknowledgments........................................................... 480References.............................................
........................... 480While a variety of bacteria have been isolated from various lesions in …

Many commonly used bacteriological terms are far from being well defined and in scientific
papers these terms may be used with different meanings 15, 89. One of the purposes of …

Ribosomes are present in all self-replicating cells and constitute their protein-synthesizing
machinery. The ribosomes are composed of ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) …