The growing global water scarcity demands innovative and practical solutions, with
seawater desalination becoming increasingly essential. This paper thoroughly examines the …

Reverse osmosis (RO) near thermodynamic minimum energy requirement is the need of an
hour. The present paper shows various efforts by researchers worldwide to improve the RO …

A novel thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membrane was manufactured by
interfacial polymerization (IP) with addition of the additive fulvic acid (FA) into the piperazine …

Hydrophilic modification of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is a common method to
enhance membrane permeance. However, it is usually hard to improve the membrane …

Scale up of atmospheric pressure plasma-induced graft polymerization (APPIGP) was
demonstrated for surface nano-structuring (SNS) of a base polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis …

Energy-efficient desalination technologies are of prime importance due to the continuously
increasing global demand for freshwater and its associated carbon footprint. Membrane …

Post treatment is a very competent and scalable approach to develop the higher water-flux
and salt-rejection membrane since it does not require any change in existing manufacturing …

The energy consumption of reverse osmosis (RO) has declined significantly since inception
and to further decrease the energy consumption is a challenging task. The present article …

Optimizing synthesis factors of polyamide top layers is an important requirement in the
design of thin film composite (TFC) membranes. In this research, the top layer fabrication …

In the present work, we demonstrate the synthesis, characterization, and biofouling study of
polysulfone‐based mixed matrix membranes prepared with hydrophilic CuO and ZnO …