Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of conditions characterized by aberrant B cell
and T cell reactivity to normal constituents of the host. These diseases occur widely and …

During aging the immune system (IS) undergoes remarkable changes that collectively are
known as immunosenescence. It is a multifactorial and dynamic phenomenon that affects …

Anecdotal evidence suggests that Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the
coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, exhibits differences in morbidity and mortality between sexes …

While many diseases of aging have been linked to the immunological system, immune
metrics capable of identifying the most at-risk individuals are lacking. From the blood …

A male bias in mortality has emerged in the COVID-19 pandemic, which is consistent with
the pathogenesis of other viral infections. Biological sex differences may manifest …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shown high infection and mortality rates
all over the world, and despite the global efforts, there is so far no specific therapy available …

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness about sex-specific differences
in immunity and outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Strong evidence of a male bias …

There is substantial variation between individuals in the immune response to vaccination. In
this review, we provide an overview of the plethora of studies that have investigated factors …

Background Literature data suggests that age, gender and body mass index (BMI) could be
associated with difference in immune responses to vaccines. The first goal of the study was …

The extreme diversity of the human immune system, forged and maintained throughout
evolutionary history, provides a potent defense against opportunistic pathogens. At the same …