Most (if not all) tumors emerge and progress under a strong evolutionary pressure imposed
by trophic, metabolic, immunological, and therapeutic factors. The relative impact of these …

There is currently an unmet need for better biomarkers across the spectrum of renal
diseases. In this paper, we revisit the role of beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) as a biomarker in …

Our understanding of the classical MHC class I molecules (MHC class Ia molecules) has
long focused on their extreme polymorphism. These molecules present peptides to T cells …

MHC antigen presentation plays a fundamental role in adaptive and semi-invariant T cell
immunity. Distinct MHC molecules bind antigens that differ in chemical structure, origin and …

As opposed to the well established role of MHC-linked, polymorphic, class I (MHC-I) genes
in adaptive immunity, a universal role for non-conventional MHC-I is unknown, thus …

Human mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell receptors (TCRs) recognize bacterial
riboflavin pathway metabolites through the MHC class 1-related molecule MR1. However, it …

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells reside primarily in the gut lamina propria and
require commensal flora for selection/expansion. They are restricted by the highly conserved …

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is essential for metabolic functions and is synthesized by many
bacteria, yeast, and plants, but not by mammals and other animals, which must acquire it …

Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are restricted by the monomorphic MHC class I‐
like molecule, MHC‐related protein‐1 (MR 1). Until 2012, the origin of the MAIT cell antigens …

Background and aims Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) has been suggested as an emerging
biomarker for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD) and …