Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are appealing as potential therapeutics and prophylactics for
viral infections owing to characteristics such as their high specificity and their ability to …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a heterogeneous, complex organization composed of
tumor, stroma, and endothelial cells that is characterized by cross talk between tumor and …

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor kinase that plays a crucial role in oncogenic
signaling that is critical for proliferation and survival of leukemic cells in many B cell …

The age-associated B cell subset has been the focus of increasing interest over the last
decade. These cells have a unique cell surface phenotype and transcriptional signature …

Immune tolerance hinders the potentially destructive responses of lymphocytes to host
tissues. Tolerance is regulated at the stage of immature B cell development (central …

Generating a broadly protective influenza vaccine is critical to global health. Understanding
how immune memory influences influenza immunity is central to this goal. We undertook an …

B cells differentiate from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (pHSCs) in a series of distinct
stages. During early embryonic development, pHSCs migrate into the fetal liver, where they …

During B lymphocyte development, antibodies are assembled by random gene segment
reassortment to produce a vast number of specificities. A potential disadvantage of this …

Each antibody-producing B cell makes antibodies of unique specificity, reflecting a series of
ordered gene rearrangements which must be successfully performed if the cell is to survive …

B cells are essential for humoral immunity, but the role that they have in regulating CD4+ T
cell responses remains controversial. However, new data showing that the transient …