An assessment of Earth's climate sensitivity using multiple lines of evidence
We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …
On the future zonal contrasts of equatorial Pacific climate: Perspectives from Observations, Simulations, and Theories
Abstract Changes in the zonal gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) across the
equatorial Pacific have major consequences for global climate. Therefore, accurate future …
equatorial Pacific have major consequences for global climate. Therefore, accurate future …
Kilometer-scale global warming simulations and active sensors reveal changes in tropical deep convection
Abstract Changes in tropical deep convection with global warming are a leading source of
uncertainty for future climate projections. A comparison of the responses of active sensor …
uncertainty for future climate projections. A comparison of the responses of active sensor …
Opinion: Tropical cirrus–from micro-scale processes to climate-scale impacts
Tropical cirrus clouds, ie, any type of ice cloud with tops above 400 hPa, play a critical role in
the climate system and are a major source of uncertainty in our understanding of global …
the climate system and are a major source of uncertainty in our understanding of global …
Greater climate sensitivity implied by anvil cloud thinning
High clouds produced by tropical convection are expected to shrink in area as the climate
warms, and the radiative feedback associated with this change has long been the subject of …
warms, and the radiative feedback associated with this change has long been the subject of …
Observational evidence for a stability iris effect in the tropics
M Saint‐Lu, S Bony, JL Dufresne - Geophysical Research …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
Anvil clouds cover extensive areas of the tropics, and their response to global warming can
affect cloud feedbacks and climate sensitivity. A growing number of models and theories …
affect cloud feedbacks and climate sensitivity. A growing number of models and theories …
Process‐level assessment of the iris effect over tropical oceans
M Ito, H Masunaga - Geophysical Research Letters, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
The iris hypothesis suggests a cloud feedback mechanism that a reduction in the tropical
anvil cloud fraction (CF) in a warmer climate may act to mitigate the warming by enhanced …
anvil cloud fraction (CF) in a warmer climate may act to mitigate the warming by enhanced …
Precipitation efficiency and its role in cloud-radiative feedbacks to climate variability
Precipitation efficiency (PE) is a useful concept for estimating precipitation under a given
environmental condition. PE is used in various situations in meteorology such as to evaluate …
environmental condition. PE is used in various situations in meteorology such as to evaluate …
A Lagrangian perspective on tropical anvil cloud lifecycle in present and future climate
The evolution of tropical anvil clouds from their origin in deep convective cores to their slow
decay determines the climatic effects of clouds in tropical convective regions. Despite the …
decay determines the climatic effects of clouds in tropical convective regions. Despite the …
A positive IRIS feedback: Insights from climate simulations with temperature-sensitive cloud–rain conversion
Estimates for equilibrium climate sensitivity from current climate models continue to exhibit a
large spread, from 2.1 to 4.7 K per carbon dioxide doubling. Recent studies have found that …
large spread, from 2.1 to 4.7 K per carbon dioxide doubling. Recent studies have found that …