Fear motivates different types of defensive behaviors. These behaviors are, however, not
mere byproducts of fear. In this review, we highlight a bi-directional relationship between …

COVID-19 has catastrophically affected the world's panoramic view of human well-being in
terms of healthcare and management. With the increase in the number of cases worldwide …

Avoiding stimuli that were previously associated with threat is essential for adaptive
functioning, but excessive avoidance that persists in the absence of threat can turn …

In the current study, we test for the specificity of deficits in fear acquisition and extinction for
the anxiety disorders spectrum. We compared fear acquisition and fear extinction learning …

Avoidance of learnt fear prevents the onset of a feared stimulus and the threat that follows. In
anxiety-related disorders, it turns pathological given its cost and persistence in the absence …

Avoidance is typically adaptive given it prevents threat. However, avoidance becomes
maladaptive when it is executed out of proportion of threat (ie, excessive or insufficient …

This study examined avoidance learning using a second-order threat conditioning
paradigm. Participants completed fear acquisition wherein a second-order threat cue …

Heightened generalization of conditioned fear and avoidance to safe stimuli resembling
threat is a key feature of pathological anxiety and might contribute to the increased …

Pervasive avoidance is one of the central symptoms of all anxiety-related disorders. In
treatment, avoidance behaviors are typically discouraged because they are assumed to …

In fear conditioning, training with typical category exemplars has been shown to promote
fear generalization to novel exemplars of the same category, whereas training with atypical …