Over recent decades, cosmological simulations of galaxy formation have been instrumental
in advancing our understanding of structure and galaxy formation in the Universe. These …

Planets form and obtain their compositions in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The
chemical compositions of these planet-forming disks regulate all aspects of planetary …

Direct images of protoplanets embedded in disks around infant stars provide the key to
understanding the formation of gas giant planets such as Jupiter. Using the Subaru …

Context. Young circumstellar disks are the birthplaces of planets. Their study is of prime
interest to understand the physical and chemical conditions under which planet formation …

Rings are the most frequently revealed substructure in Atacama Large Millimeter/
submillimeter Array (ALMA) dust observations of protoplanetary disks, but their origin is still …

We present long baseline Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)
observations of the 870 μm continuum emission from the nearest gas-rich protoplanetary …

Annular structures (rings and gaps) in disks around pre-main-sequence stars have been
detected in abundance towards class II protostellar objects that are approximately 1,000,000 …

Red supergiants are the most common final evolutionary stage of stars that have initial
masses between 8 and 35 times that of the Sun. During this stage, which lasts roughly …

While dust disks around optically visible, Class II protostars are found to be vertically thin,
when and how dust settles to the midplane are unclear. As part of the Atacama Large …

Gravitational forces are expected to excite spiral density waves in protoplanetary disks, disks
of gas and dust orbiting young stars. However, previous observations that showed spiral …