Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in individuals
infected with HIV-1. It has long been known that HIV-1 infection alters the course of M …

The hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis is a progressive
depletion of CD 4+ T‐cell populations in close association with progressive impairment of …

Combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection improves immune function and
eliminates the risk of AIDS-related complications but does not restore full health. HIV …

Objective: HIV-1 infection is characterized by altered intestinal barrier, gut microbiota
dysbiosis, and systemic inflammation. We hypothesized that changes of the gut microbiota …

Progressive HIV infection is characterized by dysregulation of the intestinal immune barrier,
translocation of immunostimulatory microbial products, and chronic systemic inflammation …

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection disrupts the intestinal immune
system, leading to microbial translocation and systemic immune activation. We investigated …

SUMMARY A syndemic is defined as the convergence of two or more diseases that act
synergistically to magnify the burden of disease. The intersection and syndemic interaction …

Systemic chronic immune activation is considered today as the driving force of CD 4+ T‐cell
depletion and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A residual chronic immune …

The oral mucosa is a primary barrier site and a portal for entry of microbes, food, and
airborne particles into the gastrointestinal tract. Nonetheless, mucosal immunity at this …

In pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) infections, the translocation of microbial products from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to …