All light has structure, but only recently has it been possible to control it in all its degrees of
freedom and dimensions, fuelling fundamental advances and applications alike. Here we …

Structured light, especially beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), has gained
much interest due to its unique amplitude and phase structures. In terms of communication …

Free-space optical communication is a promising means to establish versatile, secure and
high-bandwidth communication between mobile nodes for many critical applications. While …

Structured light is routinely used in free-space optical communication channels, both
classical and quantum, where information is encoded in the spatial structure of the mode for …

With the ever-increasing demand for data and the radio frequency spectrum becoming
congested, free space optics (FSO) may find a niche for situations where fiber is too …

Time, polarization, and wavelength multiplexing schemes have been used to satisfy the
growing need of transmission capacity. Using space as a new dimension for communication …

Optical communication is an integral part of the modern economy, having all but replaced
electronic communication systems. Future growth in bandwidth appears to be on the horizon …

Twisted light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), which features a helical phase front,
has shown its potential applications in diverse areas, especially in free-space optical (FSO) …

Vast geographical distances in Africa are a leading cause for the so-called digital divide due
to the high cost of installing fiber. Free-space optical (FSO) communications offer a …

The vector vortex beams (VVB) possessing non-separable states of light, in which
polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) are coupled, have attracted more and …