The septo-hippocampal cholinergic system is critical for hippocampal learning and memory.
However, a quantitative description of the in vivo firing patterns and physiological function of …

Because sites of seizure origin may be unknown or multifocal, identifying targets from which
activation can suppress seizures originating in diverse networks is essential. We evaluated …

When subjected to stress, some individuals develop maladaptive symptoms whereas others
retain normal behavior. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is known to control these …

The effect of electrical stimulation on neuronal membrane potential is frequency dependent.
Low frequency electrical stimulation can evoke action potentials, whereas high frequency …

Objective. Optogenetics involves delivery of light-sensitive opsins to the target brain region,
as well as introduction of optical and electrical devices to manipulate and record neural …

Objective. Neural modulation is a fundamental tool for understanding and treating
neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, due to the high-dimensional space, subject …

Optogenetic activation of axons is a powerful approach for determining the synaptic
properties and impact of long-range projections both in vivo and in vitro. However, because …

Objective. Optogenetic modulation of neural activity is a ubiquitous tool for basic
investigation of brain circuits. While the majority of optogenetic paradigms rely on short light …

The application of photonics to manipulate and stimulate neurons and to study neural
networks has gained momentum over the last decade. Two general methods have been …

In retinal disease, despite the loss of light sensitivity as photoreceptors die, many retinal
interneurons survive in a physiologically and metabolically functional state for long periods …