All eukaryotic organisms have evolved sophisticated immune systems to appropriately
respond to biotic stresses. In plants and animals, a key part of this immune system is pattern …

While the central nervous system compromises 2% of our body weight, it harbors up to 25%
of the body's cholesterol. Cholesterol levels in the brain are tightly regulated for …

Alzheimer disease is more than a pure proteopathy. Chronic neuroinflammation stands out
during the pathogenesis of the disease and in turn modulates disease progression. The …

Macrophages possess intrinsic tumoricidal activity, yet tumor-associated macrophages
(TAMs) rapidly adopt an alternative phenotype within the tumor microenvironment that is …

Hypercholesterolaemia leads to cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and other
immune cells, which promotes inflammatory responses, including augmentation of Toll-like …

Atherosclerosis occurs in the subendothelial space (intima) of medium-sized arteries at
regions of disturbed blood flow and is triggered by an interplay between endothelial …

Signal transduction by the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is central to host defence against many
pathogenic microorganisms and also underlies a large burden of human disease. Thus, the …

Apolipoprotein AI (ApoA-I), the major protein component of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
is a multifunctional protein, involved in cholesterol traffic and inflammatory and immune …

The liver X receptors (LXRs) are transcriptional regulators of lipid homeostasis that also
have potent anti-inflammatory effects. The molecular basis for their anti-inflammatory effects …

In macrophages detection of gram-negative bacteria particularly involves binding of the
outer-wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to its cognate receptor complex, comprising …