In the natural environment, animals can face potentially dangerous and often regular
exposure to major environmental fluctuations such as flash flooding and drought, or the …

In response to uncertain risks, prey may rely on neophobic phenotypes to reduce the costs
associated with the lack of information regarding local conditions. Neophobia has been …

When faced with uncertainty, animals can benefit from using multiple sources of information
in order to make an optimal decision. However, information sources (eg, social and personal …

Predator-prey interactions are vital for organismal survival. They shape anti-predator
mechanisms and often depend on sensory abilities. Tadpoles use chemical cues, such as …

Disturbance cues are chemicals released by disturbed but uninjured prey. These cues elicit
increased vigilance when detected by conspecifics, similar to the better-known damaged …

In animal communication systems, individuals that detect a cue (ie,“receivers”) are often
influenced by characteristics of the cue emitter. For instance, in many species, receivers …

Predation fear is a unifying theme across vertebrate taxa. Here, we explored how the
frequency and duration of predation risk affects postrisk fear behavior in Trinidadian …

Group-living prey rely on social information such as alarm signals and other social cues to
avoid predation. By definition,“signals” imply that a message is voluntarily directed at …

Predation exerts a pervasive and unforgiving selection pressure such that it can influence
prey life history, morphology, physiology, and behaviour. The combined effects of climate …

Disturbance cues are metabolic byproducts that are argued to function as 'early warning
signals' where both the senders and receivers can benefit from their release. These …