Since posttranslational modification (PTM) by the small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMOs)
was discovered over a decade ago, a huge number of cellular proteins have been found to …

SUMO is a ubiquitin-like protein that covalently binds to lysine residues of target proteins
and regulates many biological processes such as protein subcellular localization or stability …

COVID-19 is a disease of dysfunctional immune responses, but the mechanisms triggering
immunopathogenesis are not established. The functional plasticity of macrophages allows …

Accumulating evidence suggests that viruses hijack cellular proteins to circumvent the host
immune system. Ubiquitination and SUMOylation are extensively studied posttranslational …

Host factors play essential roles in viral infection, and their interactions with viral proteins are
necessary for establishing effective pathogenesis. p53 is a host factor that maintains …

ABSTRACT Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a small RNA virus associated with diseases such
as myocarditis, meningitis, and pancreatitis. We have previously demonstrated that …

Enteroviruses (EVs) are the most common human viral pathogens. They cause a variety of
pathologies, including myocarditis and meningoencephalopathies, and have been linked to …

Shigellosis is a severe diarrheal disease that affects hundreds of thousands of individuals
resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Shigellosis is caused by Shigella …

Viruses alter specific host cell targets to counteract possible defense mechanisms aimed at
eliminating infectivity and viral propagation. The SUMO conjugating enzyme Ubc9 functions …

Many viral proteins have been shown to be sumoylated with corresponding regulatory
effects on their protein function, indicating that this host cell modification process is widely …