CONTEXT Knowing the spatial-temporal relationship of historical grain yield and fertilization
in various regions provides a solid base for promoting rational fertilization strategies …

Minimum NNI (Nitrogen Nutrition Index) values have been developed for each key growing
stage of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to achieve high grain yields and grain protein content …

Adjusting nitrogen fertilization to the nutritional requirements of crops is one of the major
challenges of modern agriculture. The amount of N needed is mainly determined by crop …

Nitrogen (N) splitting is critical to achieving high crop yields without having negative effects
on the environment. Monitoring crop N status throughout the wheat growing season is key to …

Proximal optical sensors (POSs) are effective devices for monitoring the development of
crops and the nitrogen (N) status of plants. POSs are both useful and necessary in …

Conventionally, split nitrogen (N) applications at tillering and stem elongation enhance
winter wheat yield, protein content, and nitrogen use efficiency. Vegetation indices, such as …

It is difficult to predict the crop-available nitrogen (N) from farmyard manures applied to soil.
The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of the proximal sensors, Yara N-TesterTM …

The variable fertilization rate (VFR) technique has demonstrated its ability to reduce nutrient
losses by adapting the fertilizer dose to crop needs. However, transferring this technology to …

Adequate N fertilisation is crucial to increase the grain protein content (GPC) values in
wheat. The recommended level of GPC needed to achieve high-quality bread-making flour …

Improving fertilizer nitrogen (N) use efficiency is essential to increase crop productivity and
avoid environmental damage. This study was conducted during four crop cycles of winter …