Spurred by rich, multiwavelength observations and enabled by new simulations, ranging
from cosmological to subparsec scales, the past decade has seen major theoretical …

Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain
largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming …

We update the capabilities of the open-knowledge software instrument Modules for
Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA). The new auto _ diff module implements …

Methane has been proposed as an exoplanet biosignature. Imminent observations with the
James Webb Space Telescope may enable methane detections on potentially habitable …

Over the past ten years there has been a large increase in the number of projects using
sound to represent astronomical data and concepts. Motivation for these projects includes …

We describe the process to design, architect, and implement a transformative enhancement
of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). This program—the next-generation Event Horizon …

In this chapter we review recent advances in understanding the roles that magnetic fields
play throughout the star formation process, gained through observations and simulations of …

Photonic technologies offer numerous functionalities that can be used to realize
astrophotonic instruments. The most spectacular example to date is the ESO Gravity …

The past three decades have seen the number of known exoplanets grow by over three
orders of magnitude. To mark the milestone, the Lead Scientist of the NASA Exoplanet …

Cosmic Explorer is a concept for a new laser interferometric observatory in the United States
to extend ground-based gravitational-wave astrophysics into the coming decades. Aiming to …