Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are versatile multiprotein nanomachines spanning the
entire cell envelope in Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. They play important …

Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most common symbiont-induced reproductive
manipulation. Specifically, symbiont-induced sperm modifications cause catastrophic mitotic …

Wolbachiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that infect arthropods and certain nematodes.
Usually maternally inherited, they may provision nutrients to (mutualism) or alter sexual …

Wolbachia, a gram-negative α-proteobacterium, is an endosymbiont found in some
arthropods and nematodes. Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the vector of 'Candidatus …

While typically a flea parasite and opportunistic human pathogen, the presence of Rickettsia
felis (strain LSU-Lb) in the non-blood-feeding, parthenogenetically reproducing booklouse …

The natural red food colorants carmine (E120) and carminic acid are currently produced
from scale insects. The access to raw material is limited and current production is sensitive …

Wolbachia is the most widespread endosymbiont, infecting> 20% of arthropod species, and
capable of drastically manipulating the host's reproductive mechanisms. Conventionally …

The domesticated carmine cochineal Dactylopius coccus (scale insect) has commercial
value and has been used for more than 500 years for natural red pigment production …

Background Adapting to changes in the environment is the foundation of species survival,
and is usually thought to be a gradual process. However, transposable elements (TEs) …

The evolutionary and ecological success of insects is largely due to their associated bacteria
and fungi that expand their metabolic capacities or allow them to resist stress or parasites …