Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome impacts brain development and
function. Gut–brain connections may be mediated by an assortment of microbial molecules …

Background Recent research on the implications of gut microbiota on brain functions has
helped to gather important information on the relationship between them. Pathogenesis of …

Nausea and vomiting are common gastrointestinal complaints that can be triggered by
diverse emetic stimuli through central and/or peripheral nervous systems. Both nausea and …

After ingestion of toxin-contaminated food, the brain initiates a series of defensive responses
(eg, nausea, retching, and vomiting). How the brain detects ingested toxin and coordinates …

Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is one of the most common food-borne diseases and
results from the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) preformed in food by …

This review begins with a discussion of the large family of Staphylococcus aureus and beta-
hemolytic streptococcal pyrogenic toxin T lymphocyte superantigens from structural and …

Staphylococcus aureus produces a wide variety of toxins including staphylococcal
enterotoxins (SEs; SEA to SEE, SEG to SEI, SER to SET) with demonstrated emetic activity …

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram positive bacterium that is carried by about one
third of the general population and is responsible for common and serious diseases. These …

Clinical research shows that postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is caused primarily
by the use of inhalational anesthesia and opioid analgesics. PONV is also increased by …

The bacterial superantigens are protein toxins that bind to major histocompatibility complex
class II and T‐cell receptor to stimulate large numbers of T cells. The majority are produced …