An estimated 8.3 billion tons of non-biodegradable plastic has been produced over the last
65 years. Much of this is not recycled and is disposed into the natural environment, has a …

Vegetated coastal habitats have been identified as important carbon sinks. In contrast to
angiosperm-based habitats such as seagrass meadows, salt marshes and mangroves …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

A census of the biomass on Earth is key for understanding the structure and dynamics of the
biosphere. However, a global, quantitative view of how the biomass of different taxa …

The role of macroalgae in Blue Carbon assessments has been controversial, partially due to
uncertainties about the fate of exported macroalgae. Available evidence suggests that …

The industrialization of the deep sea is expanding worldwide. Increasing oil and gas
exploration activities in the absence of sufficient baseline data in deep-sea ecosystems has …

The deep sea (> 200 m depth) encompasses> 95% of the world's ocean volume and
represents the largest and least explored biome on Earth (< 0.0001% of ocean surface), yet …

The deep sea encompasses the largest ecosystems on Earth. Although poorly known, deep
seafloor ecosystems provide services that are vitally important to the entire ocean and …

The deep sea is often viewed as a vast, dark, remote, and inhospitable environment, yet the
deep ocean and seafloor are crucial to our lives through the services that they provide. Our …

Submarine canyons are major geomorphic features of continental margins around the world.
Several recent multidisciplinary projects focused on the study of canyons have considerably …