The Earth as a planetary system has experienced significant change since its formation c. 4.54 Gyr ago. Some of these changes have been gradual, such as secular cooling of the …
Direct evidence of intense chemical weathering induced by volcanism is rare in sedimentary successions. Here, we undertake a multiproxy analysis (including organic carbon isotopes …
An emerging consensus suggests that large igneous provinces (LIPs) are a significant driver of dramatic global environmental and biological changes, including several Phanerozoic …
A long-term record of global mean surface temperature (GMST) provides critical insight into the dynamical limits of Earth's climate and the complex feedbacks between temperature and …
The spatial coverage and temporal resolution of the Early Paleozoic paleoclimate record are limited, primarily due to the paucity of well-preserved skeletal material commonly used for …
During the Cryogenian (720 to 635 Ma ago) Snowball Earth glaciations, ice extended to sea level near the equator. The cause of this catastrophic failure of Earth's thermostat has been …
Current understanding of the long-term carbon cycle posits that Earth's climate is stabilized by a negative feedback involving CO 2 consumption by chemical weathering of silicate …
The Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO) from~ 17 to 14 million years ago (Ma) represents an enigmatic reversal in Cenozoic cooling. A synthesis of marine paleotemperature records …