Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of visual impairment in the
elderly. There are very limited therapeutic options for AMD with the predominant therapies …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the
older population. Classical hallmarks of early and intermediate AMD are accumulation of …

Lipofuscin accumulates with age as intracellular fluorescent granules originating from
incomplete lysosomal digestion of phagocytosed and autophagocytosed material. The …

Age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of irreversible visual loss among older
adults in developed countries, is a chronic, multifactorial, and progressive disease with the …

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are an essential part of the human eye because they
not only mediate and control the transfer of fluids and solutes but also protect the retina …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes vision loss in the elderly population. Dry
AMD leads to the formation of Drusen, while wet AMD is characterized by cell proliferation …

Oxidative damage is implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration
(AMD). The dry form of AMD (geographic atrophy) is characterized by loss of RPE …

Lipofuscin granules from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells contain bisretinoid
fluorophores, which are photosensitizers and are phototoxic to cells. In the presence of …

Vitamins C and E and zeaxanthin are components of a supplement tested in a large clinical
trial—Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2)—and it has been demonstrated that they …

Aging may significantly modify antioxidant and photoprotective properties of melanin in
retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here, photoreactivity of melanosomes (MS), isolated from …