The brain and the gut are engaged in continual crosstalk along a number of pathways
collectively termed the 'brain–gut axis'. Over recent years it has become increasingly clear …

Play is an important part of normal childhood development and is seen in varied forms
among many mammals. While not indispensable to normal development, playful social …

The open field test is one of the most popular ethological tests to assess anxiety-like
behavior in rodents. In the present study, we examined the effect of early deprivation (ED), a …

Separate breeding colonies of C57BL/6 (“B6”) mice maintained at the Jackson Laboratories
(“J”) and NIH (“N”) have led to the emergence of two distinct substrains of C57BL/6 mice …

As one of the first rodent models designed to investigate the effects of early‐life experiences,
the neonatal handling paradigm has helped us better understand how subtle changes in the …

Much research shows that early life manipulations have enduring behavioral, neural, and
hormonal effects. However, findings of learning and memory performance vary widely …

Early-life stress and adversity are major risk factors in the onset and severity of
gastrointestinal (GI) disease in humans later in life. The mechanisms by which early-life …

ABSTRACT Objetives: Omega-3 (n3) fatty acids have been studied as an option to alleviate
the harmful effects of obesity. However, its role in obesity-related behavioral changes is still …

Early life experiences are important for the development of neurobiobehavioral mechanisms
and subsequent establishment of mental functions. In experimental animals, early life …

Adverse life events occurring in early development can result in long-term effects on
behavioural, physiological and cognitive processes. In particular, perinatal stressors impair …