Hubel and Wiesel began the modern study of development and plasticity of primary visual
cortex (V1), discovering response properties of cortical neurons that distinguished them from …

In this review, we summarize recent evidence that perceptual learning can occur not only
under training conditions but also in situations of unattended and passive sensory …

The adult primate visual system comprises a series of hierarchically organized areas. Each
cortical area contains a topographic map of visual space, with different areas extracting …

The occipital lobe contains retinotopic representations of the visual field. The representation
of the central retina in early visual areas (V1–3) is found at the occipital pole. When the …

The neotenous, or delayed, development of primate neurons, particularly human ones, is
thought to underlie primate-specific abilities like cognition. We tested whether synaptic …

A crucial issue in neurobiology is to understand the main mechanisms restricting neural
plasticity to brief windows of early postnatal life. The visual system is one of the paradigmatic …

Behavioral data indicate the existence of sensitive periods in the development of audition
and language. Neurophysiological data demonstrate deficits in the cerebral cortex of …

Humans and other animals can identify objects by active touch, requiring the coordination of
exploratory motion and tactile sensation. Both the motor strategies and neural …

Mounting evidence implicates microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathology of schizophrenia.
These small noncoding RNAs bind to mRNAs containing complementary sequences and …

Hebbian learning is a biologically plausible and ecologically valid learning mechanism. In
Hebbian learning,'units that fire together, wire together'. Such learning may occur at the …