More than 250 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B despite the availability of
highly effective vaccines and oral antivirals. Although innate and adaptive immune cells play …

Research studying the role of inflammation in hypertension and cardiovascular disease has
flourished in recent years; however, the exact mechanisms by which the activated immune …

Maternal immune system must tolerate semiallogenic fetus to establish and maintain a
successful pregnancy. Despite the existence of several strategies of trophoblast to avoid …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune arthropathy characterized
by synovial hyperplasia leading to functional impairment. Although the exact cause of RA is …

Celastrol is a bioactive compound derived from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs of the
Celastraceae family. Celastrol is known to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant …

Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer in the world. Nanoscale forms of cellulose,
including cellulose nanofibers (CNF), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and bacterial …

Purpose: We put forward a theoretical and dynamical approach for the semi-quantitative
analysis of CD4+ T cell differentiation, the process by which cells with different functions are …

Acute organ injuries such as acute cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction, acute
kidney injury, acute lung injury, and others are among the leading causes of death …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells responsible for the regulation of immune
responses, thereby maintaining immune homeostasis and providing immune tolerance to …

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune‐mediated destruction of
insulin‐producing pancreatic β cells. In recent years, the incidence of type 1 diabetes …