Innate immunity confers an immediate nonspecific mechanism of microbial recognition
through germ line-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Of these, Toll-like …

The vaccines developed over the first two hundred years since Jenner's lifetime have
accomplished striking reductions of infection and disease wherever applied. Pasteur's early …

Naive T cells are stimulated by antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in secondary
lymphoid organs, but whether other types of cell participate in T cell priming is unclear. Here …

Adjuvants have been used in vaccines for a long time to promote the body's immune
response, reducing vaccine dosage and production costs. Although many vaccine adjuvants …

Developing efficient and safe adjuvants for use in human vaccines remains both a challenge
and a necessity. Past approaches have been largely empirical and generally used a single …

Vaccines are essential tools for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in animals.
One of the most important steps in vaccine development is the selection of a suitable …

Cationic lipids are positively charged amphiphilic molecules which, for most of them, form
positively charged liposomes, sometimes in combination with a neutral helper lipid. Such …

Complexing TLR9 agonists such as plasmid DNA to cationic liposomes markedly
potentiates their ability to activate innate immunity. We therefore reasoned that liposomes …

A randomised, double-blind study assessing the potential of four adjuvants in combination
with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen has been conducted to evaluate humoral and …

Cationic liposome has been effectively used as a delivery system for DNA and protein
vaccines. Recently, we discovered that strong anti-tumor immunity could be generated when …