Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are deficient in estrogen, progesterone and
ERBB2 receptor expression, presenting a particularly challenging therapeutic target due to …

Fusion proteins play an essential role in the biosciences but suffer from several key
limitations, including the requirement for N-to-C terminal ligation, incompatibility of …

Exosomes are nanosized membranous vesicles secreted by a variety of cells. Due to their
unique and pharmacologically important properties, cell-derived exosome nanoparticles …

The adoptive transfer of autologous T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen
receptor (CAR) has emerged as a promising cancer therapy. Despite impressive clinical …

Virtually all natural proteins are built from only 20 amino acids, and while this makes
possible all the functions they perform, the ability to encode other amino acids selected for …

A primary barrier to the success of T cell–recruiting bispecific antibodies in the treatment of
solid tumors is the lack of tumor-specific targets, resulting in on-target off-tumor adverse …

Bioconjugates represent an emerging class of medicines, which offer therapeutic
opportunities overtaking those of the individual components. Many novel bioconjugates …

The bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) blinatumomab against CD19 and CD3 has emerged as
the most successful bispecific antibody (bsAb) to date; however, a significant proportion of …

Harnessing the power of the human immune system to treat cancer is the essence of
immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies engage the innate immune system to destroy …

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Therapeutic
treatments for breast cancer generally include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy …