The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) has often been treated in the past as a linear filter that
adds little to retinal processing of visual inputs. Here we review anatomical …

Inhibitory neurons dominate the intrinsic circuits in the visual thalamus. Interneurons in the
lateral geniculate nucleus innervate relay cells and each other densely to provide powerful …

The thalamus receives sensory input from different circuits in the periphery. How these
sensory channels are integrated at the level of single thalamic cells is not well understood …

The primary visual cortex of primates and carnivores is organized into columns of neurons
with similar preferences for stimulus orientation, but the developmental origin and function of …

The cerebral cortex receives multiple afferents from the thalamus that segregate by stimulus
modality forming cortical maps for each sense. In vision, the primary visual cortex maps the …

Precise connectivity between retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and thalamocortical (TC) relay
neurons is thought to be essential for the transmission of visual information. Consistent with …

In the mammalian primary visual cortex, neural tuning to stimulus orientation is organized in
either columnar or salt-and-pepper patterns across species. For decades, this sharp contrast …

ON and OFF visual pathways originate in the retina at the synapse between photoreceptor
and bipolar cells. OFF bipolar cells are shorter in length and use receptors with faster …

It is widely assumed that mosaics of retinal ganglion cells establish the optimal
representation of visual space. However, relay cells in the visual thalamus often receive …

Providing the critical link between the retina and visual cortex, the well-studied lateral
geniculate nucleus (LGN) has stood out as a structure in search of a function exceeding the …