Kratom—pharmacology, clinical implications, and outlook: a comprehensive review

SC Eastlack, EM Cornett, AD Kaye - Pain and therapy, 2020 - Springer
Kratom, or Mitragyna, is a tropical plant indigenous to Southeast Asia, with unique
pharmacological properties. It is commonly consumed by preparing the leaves into …

Mitragyna speciosa: Clinical, Toxicological Aspects and Analysis in Biological and Non-Biological Samples

V Meireles, T Rosado, M Barroso, S Soares… - Medicines, 2019 - mdpi.com
The abuse of psychotropic substances is a well-known phenomenon, and many of them are
usually associated with ancestral traditions and home remedies. This is the case of …

Therapeutic benefit with caveats?: Analyzing social media data to understand the complexities of kratom use

KE Smith, JM Rogers, D Schriefer… - Drug and Alcohol …, 2021 - Elsevier
Background Mitragyna speciosa, referred to as “kratom”, is increasingly used in the United
States for self-treating pain, psychiatric, and substance use disorder symptoms. It is used by …

Social, psychological, and substance use characteristics of US adults who use kratom: Initial findings from an online, crowdsourced study.

KE Smith, KE Dunn, O Grundmann… - Experimental and …, 2022 - psycnet.apa.org
Kratom, a plant that produces opioid-like effects, has gained popularity in the US for self-
treating symptoms of chronic pain, mood disorders, and substance-use disorders (SUDs) …

Diagnostic ambiguities and underuse of clinical assessment tools: A systematic review of case reports on kratom addiction and physical dependence

KE Smith, JD Feldman, D Schriefer, ST Weiss… - Current Addiction …, 2023 - Springer
Abstract Purpose of Review This systematic review examines case reports of kratom
physical dependence or addiction, focusing on assessment, diagnosis, and treatment …

Health Effects Associated With Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) and Polysubstance Use: A Narrative Review

CW Striley, CC Hoeflich, AT Viegas… - Substance abuse …, 2022 - journals.sagepub.com
Background: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) consumption and associated health effects have
raised debates in the United States. Although most people using this herb do not experience …

Treatment of kratom withdrawal and dependence with buprenorphine/naloxone: a case series and systematic literature review

ST Weiss, HE Douglas - Journal of addiction medicine, 2021 - journals.lww.com
Methods: This study includes a systematic review assessing treatment of kratom-dependent
patients with buprenorphine-naloxone; a case series of our kratom-dependent patients; …

Kratom: history, pharmacology, current user trends, adverse health effects and potential benefits

O Grundmann, RG Hendrickson, MI Greenberg - Disease-a-Month, 2023 - Elsevier
Abstract Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) is a tree native to Southeast Asia with dose-
dependent stimulant and opioid-like effects. Dried, powdered leaf material is among the …

Kratom as an opioid alternative: harm, or harm reduction? A systematic review of literature

C Stanciu, S Ahmed, S Gnanasegaram… - The American Journal …, 2022 - Taylor & Francis
ABSTRACT Background: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) products are increasingly
endorsed for self-management of multiple ailments, including as opioid substitution. The …

In vitro and in vivo pharmacology of kratom

T Hiranita, S Obeng, A Sharma, JL Wilkerson… - Advances in …, 2022 - Elsevier
Kratom products have been historically and anecdotally used in south Asian countries for
centuries to manage pain and opioid withdrawal. The use of kratom products has …