Parasitic nematodes of the genus Toxocara are socioeconomically important zoonotic
pathogens. These parasites are usually directly transmitted to the human host via the faecal …

CD4+ T cells differentiate and acquire distinct functions to combat specific pathogens but
can also adapt their functions in response to changing circumstances. Although this …

The exponential growth of precision diagnostic tools, including omic technologies, molecular
diagnostics, sophisticated genetic and epigenetic editing, imaging and nano‐technologies …

Mice are the experimental tool of choice for the majority of immunologists and the study of
their immune responses has yielded tremendous insight into the workings of the human …

Tim R. Mosmann and Subash Sad he T helper 1 (Thl) and Th2 patterns of cytokine
production were originally described among mouse CD4'T-cell clone@ and later among …

T helper (Th) 17 cells represent a novel subset of CD4+ T cells that are protective against
extracellular microbes, but are responsible for autoimmune disorders in mice. However, their …

Abstract Interleukin 17 (IL-17)–producing T helper cells (TH-17 cells) have been
characterized in mice as a distinct subset of effector cells, but their identity and properties in …

Helminths are masterful immunoregulators. A characteristic feature of helminth infection is a
Th2-dominated immune response, but stimulation of immunoregulatory cell populations …

The effects exerted on the in vitro development of antigen-specific T cell lines and T cell
clones by addition or neutralization of interleukin 12 (IL-12) in lymphocyte bulk culture were …

As a major arm of the cellular immune response, CD4+ T cells are important in the control
and clearance of infections. Primarily described as helpers, CD4+ T cells play an integral …