GPCRs exhibit a common architecture of seven transmembrane helices (TMs) linked by
intracellular loops and extracellular loops (ECLs). Given their peripheral location to the site …

Class BG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to paracrine or endocrine peptide
hormones involved in control of bone homeostasis, glucose regulation, satiety, and gastro …

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor (VIP1R) is a widely expressed class BG protein-
coupled receptor and a drug target for the treatment of neuronal, metabolic, and …

Structural analysis of class B G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), cell-surface proteins
that respond to peptide hormones, has been restricted to the amino-terminal extracellular …

Recently, the concept of ligand-directed signaling—the ability of different ligands of an
individual receptor to promote distinct patterns of cellular response—has gained much …

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has broad physiological roles and is a
validated target for treatment of metabolic disorders. Despite recent advances in GLP-1R …

The calcitonin receptor (CTR) and calcitonin receptor‐like receptor (CLR) are two of the 15
human family B (or Secretin‐like) GPCRs. CTR and CLR are of considerable biological …

Unimolecular dual agonists of the glucagon (GCG) receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like
peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) are a new class of drugs that are potentially superior to GLP …

Class B GPCRs can activate multiple signalling effectors with the potential to exhibit biased
agonism in response to ligand stimulation. Previously, we highlighted key TM domain polar …

Modelling class B G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) using class A GPCR structural
templates is difficult due to lack of homology. The plant GPCR, GCR1, has homology to both …