Aerosols interact with radiation and clouds. Substantial progress made over the past 40
years in observing, understanding, and modeling these processes helped quantify the …

This chapter reviews the history of the discovery of cloud nuclei and their impacts on cloud
microphysics and the climate system. Pioneers including John Aitken, Sir John Mason …

Ice nucleation in the atmosphere influences cloud properties, altering precipitation and the
radiative balance, ultimately regulating Earth's climate. An accepted ice nucleation pathway …

Clouds play a critical role in modulating the Earth's radiation balance and climate.
Anthropogenic aerosol particles that undergo aging processes, such as soot, aid cloud …

The effective radiative forcing (ERF) of anthropogenic gases and aerosols under present-
day conditions relative to preindustrial conditions is estimated using the Meteorological …

Black carbon (BC) aerosol plays an important role in the Earth's climate system because it
absorbs solar radiation and therefore potentially warms the climate; however, BC can also …

The formation of ice particles in the atmosphere strongly affects cloud properties and the
climate. While mineral dust is known to be an effective ice nucleating particle, the role of …

Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in biomass-burning aerosol (BBA) that affect cloud glaciation,
microphysics, precipitation, and radiative forcing were recently found to be driven by the …

The role of black carbon (BC) in ice crystal formation via immersion freezing relevant for
mixed‐phase cloud formation is uncertain. Previous studies report either negligible or …

Soot particles form during combustion of carbonaceous materials and impact climate and air
quality. When freshly emitted, they are typically fractal-like aggregates. After atmospheric …