Interstitial lung disease is a common pulmonary manifestation of connective tissue diseases
and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Although all connective tissue diseases are …

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a relatively frequent manifestation of systemic autoimmune
rheumatic disorders (SARDs), including systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) …

The presence of clinical, serological and/or radiological features suggestive, but not
confirmatory, of a defined connective tissue disease in patients with interstitial lung disease …

The diagnostic assessment of patients with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) can be
challenging due to the large number of possible causes. Moreover, the diagnostic approach …

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) may occur in patients with a rheumatic autoimmune disease
(AD), increasing their risk of morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the …

Introduction Pulmonary involvement is one of the most common extra-articular
manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systemic inflammatory disease characterized …

Background Some patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) show autoimmune
features. Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) was recently proposed as a …

Objectives Among interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) patients,
identifying those at risk to develop a connective tissue disease (CTD) during the disease …

Introduction Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) has been defined for
adults with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and autoimmunity who do not meet the criteria for a …

Objective The classification interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) includes
patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with autoimmune characteristics …