As one of the most abundant immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment (TME),
tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play important roles in multiple solid malignancies …

Single-cell and spatial technologies that profile gene expression across a whole tissue are
revolutionizing the resolution of molecular states in clinical samples. Current commercially …

CX3CL1 is a transmembrane protein from which a soluble form can be generated by
proteolytic shedding. Membranal and soluble forms of CX3CL1 exhibit different functions …

The combination of immune checkpoint blockade with chemotherapy is currently under
investigation as a promising strategy for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer …

Rationale: Recent studies indicate that tumor-associated macrophages (MΦ) with an M2
phenotype can influence cancer progression and metastasis, but the regulatory pathways …

Fractalkine/CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is a chemokine involved in the anticancer
function of lymphocytes—mainly NK cells, T cells and dendritic cells. Its increased levels in …

Chemokines and chemokine receptors not only participate in the development of tissue
differentiation, hematopoiesis, inflammation, and immune regulation but also play an …

Purpose: Fibroblasts expressing the orphan chemokine CXCL14 have been previously
shown to associate with poor breast cancer prognosis and promote cancer growth. This …

Abstract CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) is a multifunctional inflammatory chemokine with a single
receptor CX3CR1. The biological effects elicited by CX3CL1 on surrounding cells vary …

Apoptosis, the most extensively studied form of programmed cell death, is essential for
organismal homeostasis. Apoptotic cell death has widely been reported as a tumor …