Yeasts have been used for thousands of years to make fermented foods and beverages,
such as beer, wine, sake, and bread. However, the choice for a particular yeast strain or …

It has been known for many years that the mutation rate varies across the genome. However,
only with the advent of large genomic data sets is the full extent of this variation becoming …

Evolution of large asexual cell populations underlies∼ 30% of deaths worldwide, including
those caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and cancer. However, the dynamics underlying …

Directed evolution is a powerful approach for engineering biomolecules and understanding
adaptation. However, experimental strategies for directed evolution are notoriously labor …

Epistatic interactions between mutations can make evolutionary trajectories contingent on
the chance occurrence of initial mutations. We used experimental evolution in …

A key question in tuberculosis control is why some strains of M. tuberculosis are
preferentially associated with resistance to multiple drugs. We demonstrate that M …

Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation. The most direct and unbiased method of
studying spontaneous mutations is via mutation accumulation (MA) lines. Until recently, MA …

The mutation process ultimately defines the genetic features of all populations and, hence,
has a bearing on a wide range of issues involving evolutionary genetics, inheritance, and …

The ubiquity of global change and its impacts on biodiversity poses a clear and urgent
challenge for evolutionary biologists. In many cases, environmental change is so …

The widespread use of antibiotics has placed bacterial pathogens under intense pressure to
evolve new survival mechanisms. Genomic analysis of 51,229 Mycobacterium tuberculosis …